These assumptions are turned into equations that must be satisfied if the assumptions are to be held true. In his book basics of fluid mechanics, barmeir demonstrated that flu ids must. This article summarizes equations in the theory of fluid mechanics definitions. The arrested topographic wave equation is a second order partial differential equation that resembles the onedimensional heat diffusion equation. The streakline is also important, especially in experimental fluid mechanics. The remaining chapters may be presented in any sequence, without the loss of continuity. Introduction to basic principles of fluid mechanics. The mechanical energy equation the mechanical energy equation in terms of energy per unit mass, in terms of.
Surface force on an arbitrary small surface element embedded in the fluid, with area. Topics covered in this book include the fundamentals of the basic computer language, properties of fluids, fluid statics, kinematics, and conservation of energy. You are to use an integral control volume analysis to dete4rmine the laminar boundary layer thickness u as a function of t. It is defined as the total equivalent height that a fluid is to be pumped, taking into. When a rapid flow merges with a larger body of still liquid or some obstacle suddenly. Understanding these interactions provide a more accurate and general description of nature, amongst which. Continuum hypothesis, mathematical functions that define the fluid state, limits of the continuum hypothesis, closed set of equations for ideal fluids, boundary conditions for ideal fluids, nonlinear differential equations, eulers equations for incompressible ideal fluids, potential flows. Introduction fluid mechanics concerns the study of the motion of fluids in general liquids and gases and the forces acting on them. Leighton university of notre dame in order to walk the walk, it is useful to first be able to talk the talk. Fluid mechanics study material aerospace engineering.
Points at the same depth below the surface are all at the same pressure, regardless of the shape fluid mechanics key facts 25. Html, postscript or pdf produced by some word processors for output purposes only. This book describes typical issues that are taught and cover in first year class of fluid mechanics with various examples. Hence, static pressure is a scalar rather than a vector quantity. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Fluid mechanics is also referred to as fluid dynamics by considering fluids at rest as a special case of motion with zero velocity. The rectangular gate shown is 3 m high and has a frictionless hinge at the bottom. The basic equations of fluid mechanics are stated, with enough derivation to make them plausible but without rigour. Fluid mechanics is separated into three distinct classes. Fluid mechanics formula fluid mechanics equation sheet. Fluid mechanics could be defined as the division of engineering science which deals with the fluids behavior in both motion and rest situations. Part 1 basic principles of fluid mechanics and physical. Dec 12, 2019 to download the formulas, click the link below, important formulas for fluid mechanics.
Engineering fluid mechanics staffordshire university. Barmeir, genick, basics of fluid mechanics, last modified. Introduction to basic principles of fluid mechanics i. Fluid mechanicsformulas wikibooks, open books for an open.
Since the mass of the fluid element is m w xyz, with newtons law f m a. Consider the flow over a smooth flat plate of a newtonian fluid, with no pressure gradient in the flow direction. A mathematical introduction to fluid mechanics alexandre chorin department of mathematics university of california, berkeley berkeley, california 947203840, usa jerrold e. Professor emer itus of mechanical engineering michigan state university david c. The force acting on a unit volume is thus p and it must. A fluid at rest obeys hydrostatic equilibrium where its pressure increases with depth to balance its weight. The basic operating principles are the same whether the fluid is a liquid or a gas. From basics to the millennium problem laurent schoeffel 3 1. It is a very important concept and is discussed more fully in chapter 3. The motion of a nonturbulent, newtonian fluid is governed by the navierstokes equations. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines. Concerning the formulation of the basic equations of fluid mechanics, it is easy to formulate the conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species for a fluid element, see fig.
In rigid body mechanics the motion of a body is described in terms of the bodys position in time. The hydraulic grade line is the line joining the free surfaces in the tubes. Professor emeritu sofcivil engineering michigan state university schaums outline series mcgr awhil l newyork chicago sanfrancisco lisbon london madrid mexicocity milannewdelhi sanjuan seoul singapore sydney. Oct 28, 2017 fluid mechanics and machinery formula book 1. Marsden control and dynamical systems, 10781 california institute of technology pasadena, california 91125, usa. Mechanical engineering pocket formulas and physical. Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure at a point, pascals law, hydrostatic law, etc. The weight of the liquid will exert a force, f, on the base of the tube equal to.
Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. This body can be translating and possibly rotating, but not deforming. We shall discover later that the situation is rather different when the dynamic forces of a moving fluid stream are considered section 2. Basic fluid mechanics combines the application of basic programming with fluid mechanics.
Fluids a fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the action of a shear force. Work transferred to or from a fluid flowing through a pump or a turbine occurs by interaction between moving rotor blades and the fluid. Like any mathematical model of the real world, fluid mechanics makes some basic assumptions. This book should be used by many different engineering disciplines. The equations can take various di erent forms and in numerical work we will nd that it often makes a di erence what form we use for a particular problem.
The magnitude of the force f per meter of width to keep the gate closed is most nearly r is onethird from the bottom centroid of a triangle from the ncees handbook. An arbitrary region of fluid divided up into small rectangular elements depicted only in two dimensions. Hydrostatic forces on surfaces the magnitude of the resultant fluid force is equal to the volume of the pressure prism. The design of almost all means transportation requires application of fluid mechanics. Mcdonough departments of mechanical engineering and mathematics university of kentucky, lexington. Introduction to fluid mechanics the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the blood and other liquids that flow in our bodies. Fluid mechanics navierstokes equation bernoulli equation reynolds number pipe friction manometer venturi flowrate more. In particular, jet merging explains a cumulative effect of armpiercing. Like any mathematical model of the real world, fluid mechanics makes some basic assumptions about the materials being studied. The equations of fluid dynamicsdraft the equations of uid mechanics are derived from rst principles here, in order to point out clearly all the underlying assumptions.
Therefore, it is important to develop a good understanding of the basic principles of fluid mechanics. Heat transfer conduction insulation rvalue free convection forced convection radiation more. Fourier number, thermal diffusivity, characteristic time, length. Thus, we provide the following glossary of terms used in cbe30355 transport i. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines jyhcherng shieh department of bioindustrial mechatronics engineering national taiwan university. Candidates can practice mock tests for gate isrobarc from the following link.
The basic principles of fluid mechanics are covered in chapters 16. An asterisk indicates sections involving more advanced topics and most of these topics are placed in the later chapters of the book. Combining all three components in vector short hand we. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld. Important formulas for fluid mechanics download here. Secondly, at any point within a static fluid, the pressure is the same in all directions. Fluid mechanics is one of the four divisions of mechanics namely quantum mechanics, relative mechanism, fluid mechanics and elastic body mechanics. Dividing by x and rearranging gives 37 where gs rg is the specific weightof the fluid. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics 3 scope of fluid mechanics knowledge and understanding of the basic principles and concepts of fluid mechanics are essential to analyze any system in which a fluid is the working medium. Principles of fluid mechanics v 1 p 1 x y z b v 2 2 p figure 45 illustrations of eulers law a v 2 v 1t where t is the time for the fluid through distance x. Lecture notes in fluid mechanics by laurent schoeffel. Basic hydraulic principles of openchannel flow by harvey e.
Mcdonough departments of mechanical engineering and mathematics university of kentucky, lexington, ky 405060503 c 1987, 1990, 2002, 2004, 2009. Download the free pdf sheet of list of physics formulas. Mass conservation, momentum and energy equations for continua. Pedley department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics, university of cambridge, silver st. In recent years fluid mechanics is truly a hightech discipline and many exciting areas have been developed like the aerodynamics of multistorey buildings, fluid mechanics of atmosphere, sports, and micro fluids. F is the force exerted by the fluid on side 1, on the fluid on side 2. In obtaining the basic equations of fluid motion, the following philosophy is always followed. The basic equations of fluid mechanics are stated, with enough derivation to make them. Butterworth heinemann films there is a very good series of educational lms on fluid mechanics available on youtube, produced by the national committee for fluid mechanics films in. Application areas of fluid mechanics fluid mechanics is widely used both in everyday activities and in the design of modern engineering systems from vacuum cleaners to supersonic aircraft. Engineering fluid mechanics 4 contents contents notation7 1 fluid statics 14 1. Fluid mechanicsformulas wikibooks, open books for an. Find the relationship between variables affecting a phenomenon. The science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest fluid statics or in motion fluid dynamics, and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries.
Mer331 fluid mechanics final exam equation sheet g f gv dh dp dy du gr sg p rt b f h newton s law of viscosity. Modern fluid mechanics, in a wellposed mathematical form, was first formulated in 1755 by euler for ideal fluids. The equation can be used to model turbulent flow, where the fluid parameters are interpreted as timeaveraged values. It has traditionally been applied in such area as the design of pumps, compressor, design of dam and canal, design of. The shaft toque the torque that the shaft applies to the rotor and the rotation of the rotor are in the same direction, energy is transferred from the shaft to the rotor and from the rotor to the fluid. Thus, we conclude that the pressure difference between. Using these principles, scientists have derived equations that describe motion of coastal circulation. To begin with, fluid mechanics plays a vital role in.
3 1166 830 872 1288 985 228 784 771 181 1431 949 442 1161 1470 137 423 1218 1115 1348 39 901 579 377 468 632 300 1482 1001 1025 1000 1447 255 911 999 42 199